一、環(huán)氧層壓玻璃布板產(chǎn)品介紹是用浸漬紙、棉布、玻璃布、浸漬酚醛、環(huán)氧樹脂，經(jīng)烘焙熱壓而成的硬質板狀絕緣材料。環(huán)氧酚醛樹脂絕緣板具有較高的機械強度、介電性能、耐油性和耐腐蝕性，環(huán)氧酚醛樹脂絕緣板適用于要求較高的電工機械、電器設備中作絕緣結構件，并可在潮濕環(huán)境和變壓器中使用，耐熱等級為B級。

二、環(huán)氧層壓玻璃布板技術要求
1.外觀、表面應平整光滑，不允許有雜質和其他明顯的缺陷，允許有輕微的擦傷，邊緣應切割整齊，端面不得有分層和裂紋。
2.尺寸：面積不得小于380×480平方毫米，如需特殊規(guī)格，可同供需雙方協(xié)議生產(chǎn)。其它數(shù)據(jù)詳見機電部標準。標準規(guī)格1200*2400  1000*2000  特殊規(guī)格可根客戶所需按圖紙進行加工。
3.產(chǎn)品可根用戶要求，加工成各種規(guī)格板、管、墊、法蘭、瓦、等異形件。

、環(huán)氧層壓玻璃布板技術參數(shù)

1、外觀 表面應平滑，無氣泡、皺紋和裂紋。
2、標稱厚度及允許偏差見表1。
表1 　mm 

<**** ****="width:715px;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="1"> <****> <****> <**** ****="width:90.1pt;background-color:#cccccc;" colspan="2">標稱厚度 <**** ****="width:108.4pt;background-color:#cccccc;">偏差 <**** ****="width:108.4pt;background-color:#cccccc;">標準厚度 <**** ****="width:101.55pt;background-color:#cccccc;">偏差 <****> <**** ****="width:90.1pt;background-color:****ansparent;" colspan="2">0.4 <**** ****="width:108.4pt;background-color:****ansparent;">±0.10 <**** ****="width:108.4pt;background-color:****ansparent;">8.0 <**** ****="width:101.55pt;background-color:****ansparent;">±0.72 <****> <**** ****="width:90.1pt;background-color:****ansparent;" colspan="2">0.5 <**** ****="width:108.4pt;background-color:****ansparent;">±0.12 <**** ****="width:108.4pt;background-color:****ansparent;">10.0 <**** ****="width:101.55pt;background-color:****ansparent;">±0.82 <****> <**** ****="width:90.1pt;background-color:****ansparent;" colspan="2">0.6 <**** ****="width:108.4pt;background-color:****ansparent;">±0.13 <**** ****="width:108.4pt;background-color:****ansparent;">12.0 <**** ****="width:101.55pt;background-color:****ansparent;">±0.94 <****> <**** ****="width:90.1pt;background-color:****ansparent;" colspan="2">0.8 <**** ****="width:108.4pt;background-color:****ansparent;">±0.16 <**** ****="width:108.4pt;background-color:****ansparent;">14.0 <**** ****="width:101.55pt;background-color:****ansparent;">±1.02 <****> <**** ****="width:90.1pt;background-color:****ansparent;" colspan="2">1.0 <**** ****="width:108.4pt;background-color:****ansparent;">±0.18 <**** ****="width:108.4pt;background-color:****ansparent;">16.0 <**** ****="width:101.55pt;background-color:****ansparent;">±1.12 <****> <**** ****="width:90.1pt;background-color:****ansparent;" colspan="2">1.2 <**** ****="width:108.4pt;background-color:****ansparent;">±0.20 <**** ****="width:108.4pt;background-color:****ansparent;">20.0 <**** ****="width:101.55pt;background-color:****ansparent;">±1.30 <****> <**** ****="width:90.1pt;background-color:****ansparent;" colspan="2">1.6 <**** ****="width:108.4pt;background-color:****ansparent;">±0.24 <**** ****="width:108.4pt;background-color:****ansparent;">25.0 <**** ****="width:101.55pt;background-color:****ansparent;">±1.50 <****> <**** ****="width:90.1pt;background-color:****ansparent;" colspan="2">2.0 <**** ****="width:108.4pt;background-color:****ansparent;">±0.28 <**** ****="width:108.4pt;background-color:****ansparent;">30.0 <**** ****="width:101.55pt;background-color:****ansparent;">±1.70 <****> <**** ****="width:90.1pt;background-color:****ansparent;" colspan="2">2.5 <**** ****="width:108.4pt;background-color:****ansparent;">±0.33 <**** ****="width:108.4pt;background-color:****ansparent;">35.0 <**** ****="width:101.55pt;background-color:****ansparent;">±1.95 <****> <**** ****="background-color:****ansparent;">  <**** ****="width:88.95pt;background-color:****ansparent;">3.0 <**** ****="width:108.4pt;background-color:****ansparent;">±0.37 <**** ****="width:108.4pt;background-color:****ansparent;">40.0 <**** ****="width:101.55pt;background-color:****ansparent;">±2.10 <****> <**** ****="background-color:****ansparent;">  <**** ****="width:88.95pt;background-color:****ansparent;">4.0 <**** ****="width:108.4pt;background-color:****ansparent;">±0.45 <**** ****="width:108.4pt;background-color:****ansparent;">45.0 <**** ****="width:101.55pt;background-color:****ansparent;">±2.30 <****> <**** ****="background-color:****ansparent;">  <**** ****="width:88.95pt;background-color:****ansparent;">5.0 <**** ****="width:108.4pt;background-color:****ansparent;">±0.52 <**** ****="width:108.4pt;background-color:****ansparent;">50.0 <**** ****="width:101.55pt;background-color:****ansparent;">±2.45 <****> <**** ****="background-color:****ansparent;">  <**** ****="width:88.95pt;background-color:****ansparent;">6.0 <**** ****="width:108.4pt;background-color:****ansparent;">±0.60 <**** ****="width:108.4pt;background-color:****ansparent;">60.0 <**** ****="width:101.55pt;background-color:****ansparent;">±2.50 <****> <**** ****="background-color:****ansparent;">  <**** ****="width:88.95pt;background-color:****ansparent;">  <**** ****="width:108.4pt;background-color:****ansparent;">  <**** ****="width:108.4pt;background-color:****ansparent;">80.0 <**** ****="width:101.55pt;background-color:****ansparent;">±2.80 <****> <**** ****="background-color:****ansparent;">  <**** ****="width:407.3pt;background-color:****ansparent;" colspan="4">注： 1 其他允許偏差可由供需雙方協(xié)商。 2 對于標稱厚度不在所列的優(yōu)選厚度之一者，其允許偏差應采用下一個較大的優(yōu)選厚度的偏差。

3、平直度見表2。表2 層壓板表面距直尺的大允許偏差mm

<**** ****="width:715px;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="1"> <****> <****> <**** ****="width:124.5pt;background-color:#cccccc;" rowspan="2">厚度 （d） <**** ****="width:277.5pt;background-color:#cccccc;" colspan="2">直尺長度 <****> <**** ****="width:5cm;background-color:#cccccc;">1000 <**** ****="width:135pt;background-color:#cccccc;">500 <****> <**** ****="width:124.5pt;background-color:****ansparent;">1.6≤d≤3 3<> 6<> 8< d <**** ****="width:5cm;background-color:****ansparent;">見注 10 8 6 <**** ****="width:135pt;background-color:****ansparent;">見注 2.5 2.0 1.5 <****> <**** ****="width:401.25pt;background-color:****ansparent;" colspan="3">>注：對標稱厚度在1.6 mm≤d≤3 mm的允許偏差正在考慮之中

4、性能要求見表4。表4性能要求

<**** ****="width:715px;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="1"> <****> <****> <**** ****="width:37.6pt;background-color:#cccccc;" colspan="2">序 號 <**** ****="width:149.7pt;background-color:#cccccc;">指 標 名 稱 <**** ****="width:63.2pt;background-color:#cccccc;">單 位 <**** ****="width:73.7pt;background-color:#cccccc;">指 標 值 <**** ****="width:84.25pt;background-color:#cccccc;">說明 <****> <**** ****="width:37.6pt;background-color:****ansparent;" colspan="2">1 <**** ****="width:149.7pt;background-color:****ansparent;">垂直層向彎曲強度 <**** ****="width:63.2pt;background-color:****ansparent;">MPa <**** ****="width:73.7pt;background-color:****ansparent;">≥340 <**** ****="width:84.25pt;background-color:****ansparent;">- <****> <**** ****="width:37.6pt;background-color:****ansparent;" colspan="2">2 <**** ****="width:149.7pt;background-color:****ansparent;">平行層向沖擊強度 （簡支梁法） <**** ****="width:63.2pt;background-color:****ansparent;">KJ/ <**** ****="width:73.7pt;background-color:****ansparent;">≥33 <**** ****="width:84.25pt;background-color:****ansparent;" rowspan="2">兩者之一滿足本標準要求即可 <****> <**** ****="width:37.6pt;background-color:****ansparent;" colspan="2">3 <**** ****="width:149.7pt;background-color:****ansparent;">平行層向沖擊強度 （懸臂梁法） <**** ****="width:63.2pt;background-color:****ansparent;">kJ/ <**** ****="width:73.7pt;background-color:****ansparent;">≥34 <****> <**** ****="width:37.6pt;background-color:****ansparent;" colspan="2">4 <**** ****="width:149.7pt;background-color:****ansparent;">垂直層向電氣強度 （90℃±2℃油中） <**** ****="width:63.2pt;background-color:****ansparent;">MV/m <**** ****="width:73.7pt;background-color:****ansparent;">見表5 <**** ****="width:84.25pt;background-color:****ansparent;">- <****> <**** ****="background-color:****ansparent;">  <**** ****="width:36.45pt;background-color:****ansparent;">5 <**** ****="width:149.7pt;background-color:****ansparent;">平行層向擊穿電壓 （90℃±2℃油中） <**** ****="width:63.2pt;background-color:****ansparent;">kV <**** ****="width:73.7pt;background-color:****ansparent;">≥35 <**** ****="width:84.25pt;background-color:****ansparent;">- <****> <**** ****="background-color:****ansparent;">  <**** ****="width:36.45pt;background-color:****ansparent;">6a <**** ****="width:149.7pt;background-color:****ansparent;">介電常數(shù) （48Hz-62Hz以下） <**** ****="width:63.2pt;background-color:****ansparent;">- <**** ****="width:73.7pt;background-color:****ansparent;">≤5.5 <**** ****="width:84.25pt;background-color:****ansparent;" rowspan="2">兩者之一滿足本標準要求即可 <****> <**** ****="background-color:****ansparent;">  <**** ****="width:36.45pt;background-color:****ansparent;">6b <**** ****="width:149.7pt;background-color:****ansparent;">介電常數(shù) （1MHz以下） <**** ****="width:63.2pt;background-color:****ansparent;">- <**** ****="width:73.7pt;background-color:****ansparent;">≤5.5 <****> <**** ****="background-color:****ansparent;">  <**** ****="width:36.45pt;background-color:****ansparent;">7 <**** ****="width:149.7pt;background-color:****ansparent;">馬丁溫度縱向 <**** ****="width:63.2pt;background-color:****ansparent;">℃ <**** ****="width:73.7pt;background-color:****ansparent;">≥200 <**** ****="width:84.25pt;background-color:****ansparent;">  <****> <**** ****="background-color:****ansparent;">  <**** ****="width:36.45pt;background-color:****ansparent;">8 <**** ****="width:149.7pt;background-color:****ansparent;">熱穩(wěn)定性 <**** ****="width:63.2pt;background-color:****ansparent;">℃ <**** ****="width:73.7pt;background-color:****ansparent;">200 <**** ****="width:84.25pt;background-color:****ansparent;">  <****> <**** ****="background-color:****ansparent;">  <**** ****="width:36.45pt;background-color:****ansparent;">9 <**** ****="width:149.7pt;background-color:****ansparent;">耐油性變壓器油中4h <**** ****="width:63.2pt;background-color:****ansparent;">℃ <**** ****="width:73.7pt;background-color:****ansparent;">130 <**** ****="width:84.25pt;background-color:****ansparent;">  <****> <**** ****="background-color:****ansparent;">  <**** ****="width:36.45pt;background-color:****ansparent;">10 <**** ****="width:149.7pt;background-color:****ansparent;">拉伸強度縱向 橫向 <**** ****="width:63.2pt;background-color:****ansparent;">MPa <**** ****="width:73.7pt;background-color:****ansparent;">≥314 ≥216 <**** ****="width:84.25pt;background-color:****ansparent;">  <****> <**** ****="background-color:****ansparent;">  <**** ****="width:36.45pt;background-color:****ansparent;">11 <**** ****="width:149.7pt;background-color:****ansparent;">粘合強度 <**** ****="width:63.2pt;background-color:****ansparent;">N <**** ****="width:73.7pt;background-color:****ansparent;">≥5600 <**** ****="width:84.25pt;background-color:****ansparent;">  <****> <**** ****="background-color:****ansparent;">  <**** ****="width:36.45pt;background-color:****ansparent;">12 <**** ****="width:149.7pt;background-color:****ansparent;">表面電阻率常態(tài)時 浸水后 <**** ****="width:63.2pt;background-color:****ansparent;">MΩ <**** ****="width:73.7pt;background-color:****ansparent;">≥1× ≥1× <**** ****="width:84.25pt;background-color:****ansparent;">  <****> <**** ****="background-color:****ansparent;">  <**** ****="width:36.45pt;background-color:****ansparent;">13 <**** ****="width:149.7pt;background-color:****ansparent;">體積電阻率常態(tài)時 浸水后 <**** ****="width:63.2pt;background-color:****ansparent;">MΩ·m <**** ****="width:73.7pt;background-color:****ansparent;">≥1× ≥1× <**** ****="width:84.25pt;background-color:****ansparent;">  <****> <**** ****="background-color:****ansparent;">  <**** ****="width:36.45pt;background-color:****ansparent;">14 <**** ****="width:149.7pt;background-color:****ansparent;">平行層向絕緣電阻常態(tài)時 浸水后 <**** ****="width:63.2pt;background-color:****ansparent;">MΩ <**** ****="width:73.7pt;background-color:****ansparent;">≥1× ≥1× <**** ****="width:84.25pt;background-color:****ansparent;">  <****> <**** ****="background-color:****ansparent;">  <**** ****="width:36.45pt;background-color:****ansparent;">15a <**** ****="width:149.7pt;background-color:****ansparent;">介質損耗因數(shù) （48Hz-62Hz以下） <**** ****="width:63.2pt;background-color:****ansparent;">- <**** ****="width:73.7pt;background-color:****ansparent;">≤0.04 <**** ****="width:84.25pt;background-color:****ansparent;" rowspan="2">兩者之一滿足本標準要求即可 <****> <**** ****="background-color:****ansparent;">  <**** ****="width:36.45pt;background-color:****ansparent;">15b <**** ****="width:149.7pt;background-color:****ansparent;">介質損耗因數(shù) （1MHz以下） <**** ****="width:63.2pt;background-color:****ansparent;">- <**** ****="width:73.7pt;background-color:****ansparent;">≤0.04 <****> <**** ****="background-color:****ansparent;">  <**** ****="width:36.45pt;background-color:****ansparent;">16 <**** ****="width:149.7pt;background-color:****ansparent;">浸水后絕緣電阻 <**** ****="width:63.2pt;background-color:****ansparent;">Ω <**** ****="width:73.7pt;background-color:****ansparent;">≥5.0× <**** ****="width:84.25pt;background-color:****ansparent;">- <****> <**** ****="background-color:****ansparent;">  <**** ****="width:36.45pt;background-color:****ansparent;">17 <**** ****="width:149.7pt;background-color:****ansparent;">密度 <**** ****="width:63.2pt;background-color:****ansparent;">g/ <**** ****="width:73.7pt;background-color:****ansparent;">（1.7-1.9） <**** ****="width:84.25pt;background-color:****ansparent;">- <****> <**** ****="background-color:****ansparent;">  <**** ****="width:36.45pt;background-color:****ansparent;">18 <**** ****="width:149.7pt;background-color:****ansparent;">吸水性 <**** ****="width:63.2pt;background-color:****ansparent;">mg <**** ****="width:73.7pt;background-color:****ansparent;">見表6 <**** ****="width:84.25pt;background-color:****ansparent;">-

表5垂直層向電氣強度

<**** ****="width:715px;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="1"> <****> <****> <**** ****="width:64.05pt;background-color:#cccccc;">平均厚度 mm <**** ****="width:140.2pt;background-color:#cccccc;">電氣強度 MV/m <**** ****="width:64pt;background-color:#cccccc;">厚度 mm <**** ****="width:140.2pt;background-color:#cccccc;">電氣強度 MV/m <****> <**** ****="width:64.05pt;background-color:#cccccc;">0.4 <**** ****="width:140.2pt;background-color:#cccccc;">≥16.9 <**** ****="width:64pt;background-color:#cccccc;">1.6 <**** ****="width:140.2pt;background-color:#cccccc;">≥12.7 <****> <**** ****="width:64.05pt;background-color:#cccccc;">0.5 <**** ****="width:140.2pt;background-color:#cccccc;">≥16.1 <**** ****="width:64pt;background-color:#cccccc;">1.8 <**** ****="width:140.2pt;background-color:#cccccc;">≥12.2 <****> <**** ****="width:64.05pt;background-color:#cccccc;">0.6 <**** ****="width:140.2pt;background-color:#cccccc;">≥15.6 <**** ****="width:64pt;background-color:#cccccc;">2.0 <**** ****="width:140.2pt;background-color:#cccccc;">≥11.8 <****> <**** ****="width:64.05pt;background-color:#cccccc;">0.7 <**** ****="width:140.2pt;background-color:#cccccc;">≥15.2 <**** ****="width:64pt;background-color:#cccccc;">2.2 <**** ****="width:140.2pt;background-color:#cccccc;">≥11.4 <****> <**** ****="width:64.05pt;background-color:#cccccc;">0.8 <**** ****="width:140.2pt;background-color:#cccccc;">≥14.8 <**** ****="width:64pt;background-color:#cccccc;">2.4 <**** ****="width:140.2pt;background-color:#cccccc;">≥11.1 <****> <**** ****="width:64.05pt;background-color:#cccccc;">0.9 <**** ****="width:140.2pt;background-color:#cccccc;">≥14.5 <**** ****="width:64pt;background-color:#cccccc;">2.5 <**** ****="width:140.2pt;background-color:#cccccc;">≥10.9 <****> <**** ****="width:64.05pt;background-color:#cccccc;">1.0 <**** ****="width:140.2pt;background-color:#cccccc;">≥14.2 <**** ****="width:64pt;background-color:#cccccc;">2.6 <**** ****="width:140.2pt;background-color:#cccccc;">≥10.8 <****> <**** ****="width:64.05pt;background-color:#cccccc;">1.2 <**** ****="width:140.2pt;background-color:#cccccc;">≥13.7 <**** ****="width:64pt;background-color:#cccccc;">2.8 <**** ****="width:140.2pt;background-color:#cccccc;">≥10.5 <****> <**** ****="width:64.05pt;background-color:#cccccc;">1.4 <**** ****="width:140.2pt;background-color:#cccccc;">≥13.2 <**** ****="width:64pt;background-color:#cccccc;">3.0 <**** ****="width:140.2pt;background-color:#cccccc;">≥10.2

注：1 對90℃±2℃油中垂直層向電氣強度，可任選20s逐級升壓和1min耐壓試驗要求中的一種。對符合二者之一要求的材料，應視其90℃±2℃油中垂直層向電氣強度是符合本標準要求的。 2 如果測得的試樣厚度算術平均值是介于表中兩厚度之間，則其指標值應從內插法求取。如果測得的厚度算術平均值小于0.4mm，則其電氣強度指標值取≥16.9MV/m。如果標稱厚度為3mm，并且測得的厚度算術平均值大于3mm時，則其電氣強度的指標值取≥10.2MV/m表6吸水性

<**** ****="margin:auto auto auto 1.15pt;width:656px;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="1"> <****> <****> <**** ****="width:161.85pt;background-color:#cccccc;">試樣厚度平均值 mm <**** ****="width:73.9pt;background-color:#cccccc;">吸水性 mg <**** ****="width:161.85pt;background-color:#cccccc;">試樣厚度平均值 mm <**** ****="width:73.9pt;background-color:#cccccc;">吸水性 mg <****> <**** ****="width:161.85pt;background-color:****ansparent;">0.4 <**** ****="width:73.9pt;background-color:****ansparent;">≤17 <**** ****="width:161.85pt;background-color:****ansparent;">5 <**** ****="width:73.9pt;background-color:****ansparent;">≤25 <****> <**** ****="width:161.85pt;background-color:****ansparent;">0.5 <**** ****="width:73.9pt;background-color:****ansparent;">≤17 <**** ****="width:161.85pt;background-color:****ansparent;">6 <**** ****="width:73.9pt;background-color:****ansparent;">≤27 <****> <**** ****="width:161.85pt;background-color:****ansparent;">0.6 <**** ****="width:73.9pt;background-color:****ansparent;">≤17 <**** ****="width:161.85pt;background-color:****ansparent;">8 <**** ****="width:73.9pt;background-color:****ansparent;">≤31 <****> <**** ****="width:161.85pt;background-color:****ansparent;">0.8 <**** ****="width:73.9pt;background-color:****ansparent;">≤18 <**** ****="width:161.85pt;background-color:****ansparent;">10 <**** ****="width:73.9pt;background-color:****ansparent;">≤34 <****> <**** ****="width:161.85pt;background-color:****ansparent;">1.0 <**** ****="width:73.9pt;background-color:****ansparent;">≤18 <**** ****="width:161.85pt;background-color:****ansparent;">12 <**** ****="width:73.9pt;background-color:****ansparent;">≤38 <****> <**** ****="width:161.85pt;background-color:****ansparent;">1.2 <**** ****="width:73.9pt;background-color:****ansparent;">≤18 <**** ****="width:161.85pt;background-color:****ansparent;">14 <**** ****="width:73.9pt;background-color:****ansparent;">≤41 <****> <**** ****="width:161.85pt;background-color:****ansparent;">1.6 <**** ****="width:73.9pt;background-color:****ansparent;">≤19 <**** ****="width:161.85pt;background-color:****ansparent;">16 <**** ****="width:73.9pt;background-color:****ansparent;">≤46 <****> <**** ****="width:161.85pt;background-color:****ansparent;">2.0 <**** ****="width:73.9pt;background-color:****ansparent;">≤20 <**** ****="width:161.85pt;background-color:****ansparent;">20 <**** ****="width:73.9pt;background-color:****ansparent;">≤52 <****> <**** ****="width:161.85pt;background-color:****ansparent;">2.5 <**** ****="width:73.9pt;background-color:****ansparent;">≤21 <**** ****="width:161.85pt;background-color:****ansparent;">25 <**** ****="width:73.9pt;background-color:****ansparent;">≤61 <****> <**** ****="width:161.85pt;background-color:****ansparent;">3 <**** ****="width:73.9pt;background-color:****ansparent;">≤22 <**** ****="width:161.85pt;background-color:****ansparent;">單面加工至22.5 <**** ****="width:73.9pt;background-color:****ansparent;">≤73 <****> <**** ****="width:161.85pt;background-color:****ansparent;">4 <**** ****="width:73.9pt;background-color:****ansparent;">≤23 <**** ****="width:73.9pt;background-color:****ansparent;"> 

注：1如果測得的試樣厚度算術平均值是介于表中兩厚度之間，則其指標值應從內插法求得。2如果測得的厚度算術平均值小于0.4mm，則其指標值取≤17mg。如果標稱厚度為25mm并測得的厚度算術平均值大于25mm時，則其指標值取≤61mg。標稱厚度大于25mm的板材，則應從單面加工至22.5mm且加工面應是比較光滑的。
是由電工用無堿玻璃纖維布浸以環(huán)氧酚醛樹脂，經(jīng)烘焙、熱壓而成。
具有較高的機械和介電性能，較好的耐熱性和耐潮性，并有良好的機械加工性，耐熱等級為B級。
適用于電機、電器設備中作為絕緣結構零部件，并可在潮溫環(huán)境和變壓器油中使用。
以較高的機械性能和電氣性能，廣泛應用在發(fā)電機、馬達、電子器具上作為絕緣材料和構件。在變壓器油壓環(huán)境和濕度環(huán)境中也非常適用。
7、環(huán)氧樹脂和所用的固化劑的反應是通過直接加成反應或樹脂分子中環(huán)氧基的開環(huán)聚合反應來進行的，沒有水或其它揮發(fā)性副產(chǎn)物放出。它們和不飽和聚酯樹脂、酚醛樹脂相比，在固化過程中顯示出很低的收縮性（小于2%）。